If you’re new to business accounting, there’s may be some unfamiliar terms coming your way. As part of our series of accounting FAQs, we cover common accountancy terms to help you understand exactly what everything means.

This time we’re covering opening and closing balances. You’ll come across these as soon as you do your accounts, or start a new financial period.

What is an opening balance?

An opening balance is the balance of an account at the start of an accounting period. It’s brought forward from the closing balance of the previous accounting period.

When you start a new business your opening balances are zero, unless you spent money before setting it up. Money from investors or lenders will be entered as transactions during the accounting period.

What is a closing balance?

The closing balance is the amount remaining in an account at the end of an accounting period. Again, this can be a debit or credit, after recording all of the transactions for that period.

To find the closing balance of an accounting period, calculate the total credits and total debits for that period, and work out the difference between them. This balance is what you’ll bring forward as your opening balance in the new accounting period.

What are opening and closing balances for?

If you switch from one accounting system to another, your opening and closing balances are key to starting your new records accurately.

It’s important to include the opening balances in your accounts to avoid skewing the figures for that accounting period. Failing to do so could, for example, show less or more liabilities, less or more assets, less or more capital, and so on. Not a strong basis for decision making!

Using accounting software

Accounting software (such as our very own Pandle!) automatically generate opening and closing balances in your reporting, so you don’t have to think about them.

The beauty of cloud accounting software is that you can load up your records whenever or whenever you are, so you’ll always have a real-time view of your business’ finances.

Our online accountants and bookkeepers can help you manage your accounts. Learn more about our online accounting services, or call us on 020 3355 4047.

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About The Author

Dean Salmon

I'm an AAT and ACA qualified Chartered Accountant with over 13 years experience working with businesses, contractors and sole traders. I also love watching live music, and quizzes! Learn more about Dean.

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