National Insurance, Dividend Tax, and the Health and Social Care Levy

What the NI and dividend tax changes mean for employers, employees, and the self-employed

The UK government announced their new plan for health and social care in September 2021. Funding for the reforms partly comes through a rise in dividend tax rates. There will also be a temporary increase to National Insurance before the introduction of a separate Health and Social Care Levy. If you’re an employee, employer, or self-employed, these changes are likely to affect you.

How much will the healthcare levy changes cost me?

The health and social care changes will see a 1.25% increase to some types of tax. Though the 1.25% levy will affect some types of National Insurance, once it becomes a standalone deduction it will, unlike NI, be payable by employees who are over State Pension age.

Who is affected by the tax and NI changes, and the new health care levy?

Class 1 (Primary) National Insurance, which employees pay

Class 1 (Secondary) National Insurance, which employers pay

Class 4 National Insurance, payable on self-employed income

Dividend tax

How to pay the 1.25% levy

The healthcare levy and Class 1 (Primary) National Insurance – Employees

Employees pay Class 1 (primary) National Insurance through their employers. The levy will be deducted from pay in the same way that NI is at the moment.

Employees stop paying NI when they reach State Pension age, but must pay the 1.25% levy from April 2023.

You won’t pay National Insurance once you reach State Pension age, including in 2022/23 when NI temporarily increases to include the levy. Once it becomes a separate charge in April 2023, you’ll pay the levy, but still won’t need to pay NI.

Our table below shows how and when National Insurance and healthcare levy changes will kick in for employees.

In 2022/23 the Primary Threshold for National Insurance will increase during the tax year, so we’ve added two lines to show this!

Primary Threshold: Employees pay NI on earnings above the Primary Threshold up to (and including) the Upper Earnings Limit.	2021/22 (6th April 2021 to 5th April 2022)	2022/23 (6th April 2022 to 5th April 2023)	2023/24 (6th April 2023 to 5th April 2024)
2021/22 Primary Threshold: £9,568	12% NI	–	–
6th April – 5th July 2022 Primary Threshold: £9,880	–	13.25% NI	–
6th July 2022 onwards Primary Threshold: £12,570	–	13.25% NI	12% NI, plus 1.25% levy

Upper Earnings Limit (UEL) NI is charged at a different rate on earnings above the Upper Earnings Limit.	2021/22 (6th April 2021 to 5th April 2022)	2022/23 (6th April 2022 to 5th April 2023)	2023/24 (6th April 2023 to 5th April 2024)
Upper Earnings Limit (UEL) in 2021/22 and 2022/23: £50,270	2% NI	3.25% NI	2% NI, plus 1.25% levy

What the NI changes and levy mean for Class 1 (Secondary) National Insurance – Employers

As an employer you’ll need to deduct your employees’ contributions, and pay them to HMRC alongside your contributions as their employer.

Secondary Threshold Employers pay NICs on what an employee earns above this threshold.	2021/22 (6th April 2021 to 5th April 2022)	2022/23 (6th April 2022 to 5th April 2023)	2023/24 (6th April 2023 to 5th April 2024)
2021/22 Secondary Threshold: £8,840	13.8%	–	–
2022/23 Secondary Threshold: £9,100	–	15.05%	13.8% NI, plus 1.25% levy

Does the new levy affect the Employment Allowance?

Employers will still benefit from the Employment Allowance. It means that each time you run payroll you’ll pay less employer’s NI, until you use up the allowance or start again in a new tax year. The Employment allowance is:

£4,000 in 2021/22
£5,000 in 2022/23

Learn more about The Employment Allowance for employers’ NI.

What happens when employees reach State Pension age?

Employers need to update employees’ National Insurance category to ‘C’ once they reach State Pension age. As an employer you’ll continue making NICs for them, but you won’t deduct NI from their pay anymore. From April 2023, employees will pay the 1.25% levy, even if they’re over State Pension age, so you’ll need to deduct this from their wages.

Class 4 National Insurance – Self-Employed People

The Health and Social Care Levy will also affect Class 4 National Insurance, which is paid by self-employed workers. It won’t affect Class 2 NI, or voluntary Class 3 contributions. You can read more about National Insurance rates and thresholds in our UK tax rates article.

From April 2022 the rate of Class 4 NI will temporarily increase, because it includes the new levy.
From April 2023 the levy and NI become separate, and the rate of Class 4 NI will return to normal.

Lower Profits Limit (LPL) Self-employed income above this threshold incurs Class 4 NI.	2021/22 (6th April 2021 to 5th April 2022)	2022/23 (6th April 2022 to 5th April 2023)	2023/24 (6th April 2023 to 5th April 2024)
2021/22 Lower Profits Limit (LPL): £9,568	9%	–	–
6th April – 5th July 2022 Lower Profits Limit (LPL): £9,880	–	10.25%	9% NI, plus 1.25% levy
6th July 2022 onwards Lower Profits Limit (LPL): £12,570	–	10.25%	9% NI, plus 1.25% levy

Upper Profits Limit (UPL): £50,270 Self-employed income above this threshold incurs Class 4 NI at a different rate.	2021/22 (6th April 2021 to 5th April 2022)	2022/23 (6th April 2022 to 5th April 2023)	2023/24 (6th April 2023 to 5th April 2024)
Upper Profits Limit (UPL) in 2021/22 and 2022/23: £50,270	2%	3.25%	2% NI, plus 1.25% levy

You won’t pay the levy on any self-employed income below the £9,568 Lower Profits Limit threshold.

What the new Health and Social Care Levy means for dividend tax

The new levy increases the rate payable on taxable dividend payments by 1.25% from April 2022 onwards. Our table below shows the new rate of dividend tax, but remember:

You’ll still have the Personal Allowance (the amount you can earn before starting to pay tax)
There’s an additional tax-free Dividend Allowance on top of that
You don’t pay National Insurance on dividend payments.

	2021/22 (6th April 2021 to 5th April 2022)	2022/23 (6th April 2022 to 5th April 2023)
Basic rate taxpayers pay the dividend ordinary rate.	7.5%	8.75%
Higher-rate taxpayers pay the dividend upper rate.	32.5%	33.75%
Additional-rate taxpayers pay the dividend additional rate.	38.1%	39.35%

How do I pay the new levy?

The levy will be administered depending on how you declare and pay NI and dividend tax. In short, the process for paying NI and your dividend tax (and now the new levy) won’t change, but the rates will.

For employers and employees, the levy will be administered through PAYE. Employers deduct the amount from employees’ wages, and pay it on their behalf to HMRC along with their own employer contributions. Self-employed people will pay the levy through their Self Assessment tax return, as will anyone paying the levy along with dividend tax.

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About The Author

Elizabeth Hughes

A content writer specialising in business, finance, software, and beyond. I'm a wordsmith with a penchant for puns and making complex subjects accessible. Learn more about Elizabeth.